This report by Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) analyses the status of submission of annual audit reports and contribution reports of registered unrecognised parties for FY 2024-25. The report looks at the status of submission of the annual reports of registered unrecognised parties and the income, expenditure and donations declared by these political parties during the FY 2024-25, as well as their electoral performance. ADR has also previously released several reports on the political finance disclosures by the RUPPs, which can be accessed here. To access complete data on myneta.info, please see here.

Status of submission of annual audit statements and contribution reports by registered unrecognised political parties all over India, FY 2024-25

• This report analyses the status of submission of annual reports of a total of 734 (35% of the total RUPPs) registered unrecognised parties across 34 states and UTs in India, whose audit/contribution reports were available on the respective state CEOs' websites for the FY 2024-25.
• The analysis shows that both annual audit and contribution reports of a significant 65% or 1330 of the total RUPPs are not available in the public domain for FY 2024-25.
• Delhi (26.55%), Bihar (21.56%) and Gujarat (21.25%) demonstrate relatively higher levels of compliance compared to the national average in terms of the availability of both reports of RUPPs in the public domain.

Top ten donors declared by top 10 Registered Unrecognized Political Parties during FY 2024-25

• The top 10 donors across the top 10 Unrecognised Registered Political Parties (RUPPs) contributed an aggregate of Rs 120.983 crore through 445 transactions.
• Jan Suraaj Party dominated the funding from the top 10 donors, declaring Rs 97.72 crore across 104 donations. This made up 80.77% of all top donor contributions across all 10 parties. The other 9 parties combined received only Rs 23.26 crore from their top 10 donors.
• Corporate entities remain a small number of donors compared to individual donors; notable corporate contributions include: Vedhas Ventures: Rs 85 crore to Jan Suraaj Party (85 donations); Shree Gopinathji Silk Mills LLP: Rs 1.10 crore to New India United Party (5 donations); Winsol Engineers Limited: Rs 80 lakh to Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party (2 donations) and Invensis Technologies Pvt Ltd: Rs 65.52 lakh to New India United Party (2 donations).

Top 15 Registered Unrecognized Political Parties that declared the highest income during FY 2024-25

• The top 15 RUPPs declared Rs 1,064.705 crore in high-value donations (> Rs 20,000) and Rs 973.93 crore in total income, yet won zero seats out of all contested elections.
• The top 3 earners (New India United Party, Bharatiya National Janata Dal, and Bhartiya Garib Vikas Kalyan Party) accounted for Rs 660.523 crore which is over 67.82% of the total income declared by reporting parties.
• Most high-earning parties spent nearly 100% of their income within the same financial year. For instance, New India United Party received Rs 291.64 crore and spent Rs 291.079 crore, while Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party declared Rs 55.47 crore in income and Rs 55.46 crore in expenditure. Other such parties include Bharatiya National Janata Dal, Youth India Peace Party, and Samata Party.
• Bhartiya Garib Vikas Kalyan Party, registered in January 2024, declared Rs 170.0445 crore in total income in FY 2024–25, showing that even newly registered entities are immediately amassing high-value contributions.

Top 15 Registered Unrecognized Political Parties that declared the highest income during FY 2020-21 and 2024-25

During the FY 2020-21 and FY 2024-25, the top 15 RUPPs collected a total income of Rs 3,827.368 crore and Rs 5,180.85 crore in donations above Rs 20,000, yet only 1 seat was won out of 35 total contested seats across all elections.

• 70.34% of the total reported income (Rs 2,692.1346 crore out of Rs 3,827.368 crore) and 64.73% of donations above Rs 20,000 (Rs 3,353.56 crore out of Rs 5,180.85 crore) were concentrated in 6 parties registered in Gujarat.

Analysis of financial disclosures of RUPPs with income above Rs 1 crore for FY 2024-25

• 98.4% of declared high-value donations (Rs 1,155.65 crore out of Rs 1,174.507 crore) went to parties that won zero seats or did not contest elections as per available information. Out of 49 parties listed, 43 failed to win a single seat despite reporting donations exceeding Rs 1 crore each.
• Several parties reported hundreds of crores in contributions above Rs 20,000 while securing negligible votes: The top three parties are New India United Party (Gujarat), which declared Rs 270.9984 crore in donations above Rs 20,000 and polled only 1,426 votes across 2 seats. Swatantrata Abhivyakti Party (Gujarat): Rs 228.8098 crore in donations above Rs 20,000 and polled only 12,741 votes across 4 seats. Bhartiya Garib Vikas Kalyan Party (Rajasthan): Rs 170.0445 crore in donations above Rs 20,000 and polled only 1,347 votes in 1 seat.
• High-revenue RUPPs are heavily concentrated in a few states, with Delhi (13 parties), Uttar Pradesh (8), Bihar (6), Gujarat (5), and Maharashtra (5) accounting for over 75% of the total number of parties listed in the table.

Analysis of RUPPs reporting donations above Rs. 20,000 in amounts higher than total donations declared, FY 2024–25

• All 14 listed parties reported higher figures under donations above Rs 20,000 than their total declared donations, creating a severe accounting absurdity where a specific subset of donations exceeds the reported overall total.
• Three parties (Vishal Janta Party, Justice Party, and Majlis Bachao Tahreek) declared Rs 0 in total donations, yet reported donations above Rs 20,000 amounting to Rs 9 lakh, Rs 0.0525 lakh, and Rs 1.29 lakh, respectively.
• Despite collecting Rs 31.30 crore in donations above Rs 20,000 and contesting 54 seats across state assembly and Lok Sabha elections, 0 seats were won by 13 out of 14 parties (with All India Secular Front winning 1 seat in West Bengal Assembly Election 2026).

State-wise total income, expenditure, donations, donations above Rs 20,000 declared by Registered Unrecognised Political Parties for FY 2024-25

• 734 registered unrecognised political parties (RUPPs) across 34 states and UTs accounted for a total income of Rs 1,118.494 cr, total expenditure of Rs 1,024.601 cr, total donations of Rs 1,104.362 cr, and donations above Rs 20,000 amounting to Rs 1,199.876 cr.
• 29 RUPPs from Gujarat together recorded the highest reported income, at Rs 510.4172 crore, followed by 73 RUPPs in Delhi (Rs 218.483 crore) and 23 RUPPs in Rajasthan (Rs 173.365 crore). Together, these three states accounted for approximately 80.667% of the total reported income of Rs 1,118.494 crore.

Comparison of financial disclosures by National, State and Registered Unrecognised Political Parties for FY 2024-25

• National parties command the vast majority of financial resources, generating Rs 7,960.099 crore in total income, which is over 6.6 times that of 36 regional parties (Rs 1,192.944 crore) and 8.1 times that of the top 15 unrecognised parties (Rs 973.93 crore). The income of 15 RUPPs alone is comparable to that of 36 regional parties.
• Total donations constitute the bulk of income across all categories, accounting for 85.08% of income for national parties, 58.87% for regional parties, and 99.79% for the top 15 unrecognized parties.

Observations of ADR

• A significant 65% of unrecognised political parties did not have both reports available online, pointing to a major transparency gap in financial reporting by registered unrecognised political parties.
• Low compliance overall: Only 22.49% of parties submitted both mandatory reports.
• Lack of uniformity: Reporting rates vary dramatically across states, indicating potential differences in enforcement, capacity, or willingness to comply. While reporting formats for audit and donations reports are available, several parties fail to adhere to them.
• Unrecognised parties’ disclosures show that parties received a large number of donations, heavy reliance on large donors and near-total expenditure.
• A total of 49 of the 734 RUPPs analysed in this report declared a total income exceeding Rs 1 crore in FY 2024-25.
• For FY 2024-25, the audit and contributions reports of RUPPs registered in the following states are not available on the respective CEOs' websites: Uttarakhand, Puducherry, Sikkim, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Meghalaya, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh.
• The consolidated status showing availability of annual reports of unrecognised political parties is not available for FY 2024-25 on the CEOs’ websites of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura and Nagaland.
• Between FY 2020-21 and FY 2024-25, Bharatiya National Janata Dal received the highest income (Rs 576.458 cr) in FY 2022-23 and spent it almost entirely (Rs 575.939 cr) within the same FY. During this time, it contested the Gujarat Assembly 2022 elections. See Annexure 1.
• For New India United Party, Swatantra Abhivyakti Party, Aam Janmat Party, Prabal Bharat Party, Jan Man Party, Rashtriya Vikas Party, Jan Sewak Kranti Party and Bhartiya Jan Swaraj Party, the audit reports were not available for at least 2-3 financial years of the five years between FY 2020-21 and FY 2024-25. See Annexure 1.
• Major sources of income of the top 15 RUPPs are donations, voluntary contributions, and grants, which constitute more than 95% of their total income. See Annexure 2.
• During FY 2020-21 to FY 2024-25, top parties by income such as Bharatiya National Janata Dal (Rs 1155.645 cr) declared the highest expenditure of Rs 1153.582 cr; New India United Party (Rs 698.51 cr) spent Rs 379.665 cr; Aam Janmat Party (Rs 220.361 cr) spent Rs 218.199 cr; and Satyawadi Rakshak Party (Rs 416.234 cr) spent Rs 376.5456 cr under item heads such as “Public/Social Welfare Expenses” or “For Main Objects/Other Charitable Objects”.