ADR-Daksh Survey Report for Jharkhand region
The Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) has conducted the largest ever survey in India with over 250,000 respondents in 530 Lok Sabha constituencies. The larger purpose of the survey is to highlight voter priorities so that elections in future are fought on voter issues, and more importantly, the manifestos of future Governments reflect voter priorities.
In Jharkhand, the purpose of the survey was multi-fold:
- To Rate MPs from the state on a Scale of 10
- To know Top 10 pressing issues for voters in the state
- To know voting behaviour of people
- To know what is the role of caste, religion, crime and money power in elections
The findings of the survey:
Rating of MPs: The voters have rated the performance of MPs as Good, Average or Bad on governance issues like employment, water, electricity, roads, food, education and health.
The average performance rating of 14 MPs from Jharkhand is 5.43 on a scale of 10. Three of the MPs from Jharkhandperformed above average (Average Value of Performance = 6.67 points).
The highest scoring MP from Jharkhand is Sudarshan Bhagat of BJP from Lohardaga constituency with 7.15 points (Above average). On 2nd position is Pashupati Nath Singhof BJP from Dhanbad constituency with 6.80 points and on the 3rd position Nishikant Dubey of BJP from Godda constituency with 6.78 points.The lowest scoring MP from Jharkhand is Shibu Soren of JMM from Dumka constituency with 4.04 rating.
The survey has also tried to identify the gap between voters’ expectations on governance issues and performance of MPs on those issues. If the expectation of voters score is more than the performance score it means voters are unhappy. And if expectation of voters score is less than the performance of MPs then voters are actually happy.
Only one MP from Jharkhand-- Pashupati Nath Singh -- has exceeded the expectation of people.
Please see the Table I (A) for individual performance rating of all the MPs from Jharkhand .(While ‘Performance of MP’ column shows the actual rating of MPs, the ‘Expectations of voters on Governance issues’ column shows people’s expectations from their MPs on a scale of 10) Table I (B)is the graphical representation of ‘Performance Ratings of MPs by Voters on Important Issues’.
Top 10 pressing issues for voters.To identify what are voter priorities in terms of governance issues like water, electricity, roads, food, education and health, a list of 30 items was given to voters and they were asked to rate whether a particular issue was High, Medium, or Low. This list was comprehensive as less than 5% said that there were “other issues” beyond the list.
In Jharkhand, Better employment opportunities, Drinking water and Better public transport are the Top 3 issues about which people are most concerned.
Please seeTable II to know the overall 10 most pressing issues for the people of Jharkhand which they want their MPs to focus on, Table III for top 10 issues in rural areas of the state andTable IV to know top 10 issues in urban areas.
Table –I (A)
| S.No. | Name of the Constituency | Party | Name of MP | Performance of MP | Expectations of voters on GovernanceIssues | AveragePerformance |
| 1 | 12-Lohardaga | BJP | Sudarshan Bhagat | 7.15 | 7.56 | AboveAverage |
| 2 | 7-Dhanbad | BJP | Pashupati Nath Singh | 6.80 | 6.54 | AboveAverage |
| 3 | 3-Godda | BJP | Nishikant Dubey | 6.78 | 7.45 | AboveAverage |
| 4 | 6-Giridih | BJP | Ravindra Kumar Pandey | 6.17 | 7.48 | BelowAverage |
| 5 | 4-Chatra | IND | Inder Singh Namdhari | 5.95 | 7.84 | BelowAverage |
| 6 | 11-Khunti | BJP | Karia Munda | 5.91 | 7.78 | BelowAverage |
| 7 | 13-Palamau | JMM | Kameshwar Baitha | 5.84 | 8.15 | BelowAverage |
| 8 | 1-Rajmahal | BJP | Devidhan Besra | 5.04 | 7.44 | BelowAverage |
| 9 | 5-Kodarma | JVM(P) | Babulal Marandi | 4.88 | 8.70 | BelowAverage |
| 10 | 14-Hazaribagh | BJP | Yashwant Sinha | 4.31 | 7.90 | BelowAverage |
| 11 | 10-Singhbhum | IND | Madhu Kora | 4.27 | 7.57 | BelowAverage |
| 12 | 9-Jamshedpur | JVM(P) | Ajay Kumar | 4.22 | 7.79 | BelowAverage |
| 13 | 8-Ranchi | INC | Subodh Kant Sahay | 4.18 | 7.42 | BelowAverage |
| 14 | 2-Dumka | JMM | Shibu Soren | 4.04 | 6.77 | BelowAverage |
| Jharkhand | 5.43 | 7.60 |
Table –I (B)
Overall Top 10 issues for Jharkhand :
Table –II (A)
| 1 | Better employment opportunities | 8.02 |
| 2 | Drinking water | 7.94 |
| 3 | Better public transport | 7.91 |
| 4 | Better roads | 7.89 |
| 5 | Better Law and Order / Policing | 7.85 |
| 6 | Better electric supply | 7.85 |
| 7 | Better schools | 7.84 |
| 8 | Anti-terrorism | 7.82 |
| 9 | Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres | 7.79 |
| 10 | Empowerment of Women | 7.65 |
Table –II (B)
Table –II (C)
Top 10 issues in Rural areas:
Table –III (A)
| 1 | Better employment opportunities | 8.02 |
| 2 | Better public transport | 7.96 |
| 3 | Better roads | 7.91 |
| 4 | Drinking water | 7.91 |
| 5 | Better Law and Order / Policing | 7.89 |
| 6 | Better electric supply | 7.87 |
| 7 | Anti-terrorism | 7.84 |
| 8 | Better hospitals / Primary Healthcare Centres | 7.83 |
| 9 | Better schools | 7.83 |
| 10 | Empowerment of Women | 7.64 |
Table –III (B)
Table –III (C)
Top 10 issues in Urban areas:
Table –IV (A)
| 1 | Drinking water | 8.12 |
| 2 | Better employment opportunities | 8.04 |
| 3 | Better schools | 7.92 |
| 4 | Subsidized food distribution | 7.76 |
| 5 | Better roads | 7.74 |
| 6 | Better electric supply | 7.71 |
| 7 | Anti-terrorism | 7.68 |
| 8 | Empowerment of Women | 7.67 |
| 9 | Better public transport | 7.64 |
| 10 | Better Law and Order / Policing | 7.62 |
Table –IV (B)
Table –IV (C)
The voting behavior of people in Jharkhand
The survey tried to identify the important factors that people take into account before voting for a particular Candidate. Issue like whether the Candidate matters the most or his Political Party or other issues like Caste/Religion of the Candidate, PM Candidate of the party, and Distribution of ‘gifts’ etc. are more important?
People in Jharkhand gave most importance to the candidate while voting, followed by the PM candidate from the party and then the party of the candidate.
Please see the Table V to find out important factors which people consider before voting for a candidate and what weightage (points) they give to each of the factors:
Table –V (A)
| State | Jharkhand |
| Why people vote: | |
| Party | 5.84 |
| Candidate | 7.08 |
| PM Candidate | 6.77 |
| Caste/religion | 4.03 |
| Distribution of 'gifts' | 4.20 |
| Yes/No "knowledge and opinion questions": Do you know | |
| Do you know "Gifts" for vote is illegal | 84.89% |
| Do you know Candidates distributing 'gifts' | 13.79% |
| Do you know You can get candidate criminal record | 24.65% |
| Why do people vote for those with serious criminal records: | |
| Candidate does good work | 77.92% |
| Powerful Candidate | 16.27% |
| Spending in elections | 25.43% |
| Cases not serious | 43.86% |
| Voters don’t know | 27.91% |
| Caste or religion | 21.89% |
Table –V (B)
Table –V (C)
Table –V (D)
Role of caste, religion, crime and money power in elections. The survey also tried to identify if voters are aware of the use of money and muscle power in elections. Specifically, whether they are aware of distribution of gifts and money by candidates before polls or they have the knowledge about the criminal record of their candidates.
